Article Content
• Writing to be read.
• The mechanics of writing.
• Stylistic Conventions
• Consistency
• The structure of the report.
• Referencing & Citation
Click the link to download the PDF copy of this article for free: FORMAT FOR UNDERGRADUATE REPORTING, REFERENCING AND CITATION
See Also: A CONCISE ARTICLE ON PLAGIARISM & REFERENCING
See Also: HOW TO PREPARE A PROFESSIONAL AND CONCISE SEMINAR REPORT AND PRESENTATION
Why is a Report Important?
• For evaluation of the work.
• To reach a wider audience.
• Preserving what has been done.
Writing to be Read
A good project report:
• Demonstrates the author’s familiarity, expertise, and competence with the problem.
• Makes it easy to the reader to understand any part of the report.
• Explains rather than describes the problem and possible solutions to minimize reader effort.
The Mechanics of Writing a Good Report
• Repeatedly review what you have written.
• Put yourself in the position of the reader.
• Start early (Document your progress)
• Keep a notebook/diary handy and record all relevant information.
• Keep it simple
• Shorter sentences
Stylistic Conventions
• Do not use shortened forms such as “don’t” for “do not”.
• Avoid slang words.
• Use British English and write in complete sentences.
• Divide your writing up into paragraphs.
• Paragraphs should focus on developing single ideas.
Consistency
Where consistency should be maintained include:
• Bullet points;
• Use of hyphens;
• Use of capitalization;
• Technical terms;
• Abbreviations;
• Use of symbols.
The Structure of the Report
• Introduction
• Literature Review
• Methodology
• Results & Discussion
• Conclusion & Recommendation
Preliminary Pages
• Certification Page
• Dedication
• Acknowledgement
• Abstract
• Table of Contents
• List of Tables
• List of Figures/Charts
• List of Abbreviations
Introduction
• Background - What is the setting of the problem?
• Problem Statement – What exactly is the problem you are trying to solve?
• Objectives – What are the expected deliverables?
• Justification – The general benefits.
• Scope of work – Define the scope and limitations.
Literature Review
Materials and Methods
• Materials - Present the materials were used to solve the problem.
• Methods - Present the method used to solve the problem.
Results and Discussion
• Interpret the results
• Indicate what can be concluded from the results.
• Discuss any limitations inherent in your research methodology.
Conclusion and Recommendation
• Answer the questions:
• How far have you gone towards achieving you initial objectives?
• What are your suggestions for further work?
Referencing & Citation
• Use IEEE referencing and citation format.
• Be careful about information you get from websites – include the date the site was accessed.
• The Citation format gives the reader immediate information about sources cited in the text.
• In IEEE citations, the references are numbered and appear in the order they appear in the text.
• When referring to a reference in the text of the document, put the number of the reference in square brackets. Eg: [1]
IEEE Referencing Format
• Book
Author(s). Book title. Location: publishing Company, year, pp.• Book Chapters
Author(s). “Chapter title” in Book title, edition, volume. Editor’s name, Ed. Publishing location: publishing Company, year, pp.• Article in a Journal
Author(s). “Article title”. Journal title, vol., pp, date.• Articles from Conference Proceedings
Author(s). “Article title.” Conference proceedings, year, pp.• World Wide Web
Author(s)*. “Title.” Internet: complete URL, date updated* [date accessed].See Also: A CONCISE ARTICLE ON PLAGIARISM & REFERENCING
See Also: HOW TO PREPARE A PROFESSIONAL AND CONCISE SEMINAR REPORT AND PRESENTATION
Click the link to download the PDF copy of this article for free: FORMAT FOR UNDERGRADUATE REPORTING, REFERENCING AND CITATION
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